Sateliti GPS

Va salut domnilor si doamnelor.
Am o intrebare care ma framanta:
-De ce satelitii GPS sunt gratis? Cine investeste bani intr-o tehnologie foarte avansata pentru ca mai apoi sa o serveasca pe tava GRATIS oricui doreste sa o acceseze?
Nu cumva noi, utilizatorii de GPSuri nu facem altceva decat sa testam aceasta tehnologie care apoi sa fie folosita in cu totul alte scopuri cum ar fi urmarirea si controlul fiecarui individ de pe planeta?

Imi pun aceste intrebari pornind de la un articol primit pe mail si pe care va rog sa-l cititi si dumneavoastra aici:

http://fymaaa.blogspot.com/...20FINANCIAR%C4%82

Astept pareri.
-daca se considera un post neadecvat, rog un moderator sa-l stearga.
Va multumesc.

nimic nu e gratis.
costurile "abonamentului" se regasesc in pretul echipamentului care permite localizarea. Producatorii acestor echipamente platesc pentru "conexiuni", si implicit noi utilizatorii platim pentru ele cumparand echipamentele,.. etc.

Nu numai prin cumpararea echipamentului ci si prin achizitionarea softului de navigatie. Dupa un timp vrei o versiune mai noua a softului. Dar nu-ti mai functioneaza hartile vechi. Trebuie sa cumperi si hartile sa cumperi up-date-uri. La milioanele de utilizatori GPS se aduna ceva "maruntis". Ca noi, in Romania, nu prea cumparam ci ne orientam, asta e altceva.
Mai sunt si firme care pentru anumite lucrari folosesc niste echipamente GPS foarte sofisticate. Navigatorul tau e o jucarie de fapt. Acele firme dau o gramada de bani pe echipamente si pentru anumite configuratii si detalii chiar se plateste abonament. Si nu e de 3 euro...

P.S. Am citit pe sarite articolul respectiv. E si ala un punct de vedere.

Tehnic vorbind, un receptor GPS nu poate fi localizat, pentru simplu motiv ca el nu este echipat cu emitator pentru a putea fi receptionat de satelitii geostationari! Satelitii militari sunt exclusiv pentru armata, si nu au treaba cu serviciile civile! De obicei, un satelit geostationar cuprinde servicii de GPS, telefonie, transmisiuni radio-TV, transmisiuni radio in banda protejata, dar si de radioamatori si multe alte servicii comerciale....Revin si spun ca tehnic un receptor GPS folosit la navigatie, nu poate fi depistat...conditia este sa fie tracker, adica sa fie echipat cu un emitator! Ori...GPS-urile din comert sunt doar simple receptoare si nu vad de ce forte oculte ...sa le zicem, ar fi interesate ca un individ simplu ...ca mine , ca tine, ca milioanele de europeni, sau aiurea pe glob, ce folosesc GPS-uri sa fie monitorizati ! Situatia se schimba cand esti cu adevarat VIP...atunci ai in spate o carca de SPP-isti care au in dotare tehnologie militara ! Dar la noi ...cei de rand...nu este cazul! Si sa nu uitam ca in momentul cand cumperi un GPS, nu te intreaba nimeni de sanatate, nume , prenume, conturi, apartenenta, s.a.m.d....in plus il poti cumpara SH !
Foarte grav in schimb este RFID-ul...unde ai toate datele biometrice, conturi bancare, date personale cu toata istoria individuala !! Iar acest device s-a demonstrat clar ca poate fi "citit" aproape de oricine care stapaneste un pic de IT !!!

Este copiat din wikipedia.

The first satellite navigation system, Transit, used by the United States Navy, was first successfully tested in 1960. Using a constellation of five satellites, it could provide a navigational fix approximately once per hour. In 1967, the U.S. Navy developed the Timation satellite which proved the ability to place accurate clocks in space, a technology that GPS relies upon. In the 1970s, the ground-based Omega Navigation System, based on signal phase comparison, became the first worldwide radio navigation system.

The design of GPS is based partly on similar ground-based radio navigation systems, such as LORAN and the Decca Navigator developed in the early 1940s, and used during World War II. Additional inspiration for the GPS came when the Soviet Union launched the first Sputnik in 1957. A team of U.S. scientists led by Dr. Richard B. Kershner were monitoring Sputnik's radio transmissions. They discovered that, because of the Doppler effect, the frequency of the signal being transmitted by Sputnik was higher as the satellite approached, and lower as it continued away from them. They realized that since they knew their exact location on the globe, they could pinpoint where the satellite was along its orbit by measuring the Doppler distortion.

After Korean Air Lines Flight 007 was shot down in 1983 after straying into the USSR's prohibited airspace,[3] President Ronald Reagan issued a directive making GPS freely available for civilian use as a common good.[4] The satellites were launched between 1989 and 1993.

Initially the highest quality signal was reserved for military use, while the signal available for civilian use was intentionally degraded ("Selective Availability", SA). Selective Availability was ended in 2000, improving the precision of civilan GPS from about 100m to about 20m.

Of crucial importance for the function of GPS is the placement of atomic clocks in the satellites, first proposed by Friedwardt Winterberg in 1955.[5] Only then can the required position accuracy be reached.


[edit] Timeline
In 1972, the US Air Force Central Inertial Guidance Test Facility (Holloman AFB) conducted developmental flight tests of two prototype GPS receivers over White Sands Missile Range, using ground-based pseudo-satellites.
Satellite numbers[6][7][8] Block Launch Period Satellites launched Currently in service
I 1978–1985 10+11 0
II 1985–1990 9 0
IIA 1990–1997 19 13
IIR 1997–2004 12+11 12
IIR-M 2005–2009 7+12 6
IIF 2009–2011 0+102 0
IIIA 2014–? 0+123 0
IIIB 0+83 0
IIIC 0+163 0
Total 59+21+122+363 31
1Failed
2In preparation
3Planned.
(Last update: 16 December 2008)
In 1978 the first experimental Block-I GPS satellite was launched.
In 1983, after Soviet interceptor aircraft shot down the civilian airliner KAL 007 that strayed into prohibited airspace due to navigational errors, killing all 269 people on board, U.S. President Ronald Reagan announced that the GPS would be made available for civilian uses once it was completed.[9][10]
By 1985, ten more experimental Block-I satellites had been launched to validate the concept.
On February 14, 1989, the first modern Block-II satellite was launched.
In 1992, the 2nd Space Wing, which originally managed the system, was de-activated and replaced by the 50th Space Wing.
By December 1993 the GPS achieved initial operational capability.[11]
By January 17, 1994 a complete constellation of 24 satellites was in orbit.
Full Operational Capability was declared by NAVSTAR in April 1995.
In 1996, recognizing the importance of GPS to civilian users as well as military users, U.S. President Bill Clinton issued a policy directive[12] declaring GPS to be a dual-use system and establishing an Interagency GPS Executive Board to manage it as a national asset.
In 1998, U.S. Vice President Al Gore announced plans to upgrade GPS with two new civilian signals for enhanced user accuracy and reliability, particularly with respect to aviation safety.
On May 2, 2000 "Selective Availability" was discontinued as a result of the 1996 executive order, allowing users to receive a non-degraded signal globally.
In 2004, the United States Government signed a historic agreement with the European Community establishing cooperation related to GPS and Europe's planned Galileo system.
In 2004, U.S. President George W. Bush updated the national policy and replaced the executive board with the National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Executive Committee.
November 2004, QUALCOMM announced successful tests of Assisted-GPS for mobile phones.[13]
In 2005, the first modernized GPS satellite was launched and began transmitting a second civilian signal (L2C) for enhanced user performance.
On September 14, 2007, the aging mainframe-based Ground Segment Control System was transitioned to the new Architecture Evolution Plan.[14]
The most recent launch was on March 15, 2008.[15] The oldest GPS satellite still in operation was launched on November 26, 1990, and became operational on December 10, 1990.[16]